Trigger Words
Eli Whitney
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Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts. The cotton gin completely revolutionized the farm industry of the southern states. It made cotton a much cheaper and more useful product. The cotton gin revitalized slavery in the south and defined the antebellum era.
Interchangeable parts became the basis of all manufacturing. Before parts were made interchangeably the entire product had to be replaced if a single piece was broken. |
Corrupt Bargain
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In 1824 with no majority vote the presidential election between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson was taken to the house or representatives. It is believed that Henry Clay convinced congress to elect John Quincy Adams as president. After Adams' victory Henry Clay was instated as Secretary of State. The public was outraged and this eventually led to Andrew Jackson's victory in the next election.
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American Colonization Society
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An organization with the goal to return free African Americans to Africa (Liberia). The idea was that African Americans would have more freedom in Africa. The ACS had many supporters including president Abraham Lincoln who only abandoned the idea during the Civil War.
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Grimke Sisters
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Southern Quaker sisters who were early supporters of abolitionism and women's rights. They grew up around slavery and were lead to tour the North promoting abolitionism. They weren't taken as seriously as they expected to be and this led to their early support of women's rights.
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Indian Removal Act
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An act signed by Andrew Jackson allowing for the negotiation with Indians in the south for their move west of the Mississippi. The move of Indians was to be voluntary but because so much pressure was put on them to move it is hardly considered to have been a free choice. This act led to many more removals of Indians, often violently, across the country.
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Henry Clay
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Inventor of the "American System", partaker in the "Corrupt Bargain", Speaker of House x3, and Secretary of State during the John Quincy Adams presidency, Henry Clay was a prominent and highly influential politician during and before the antebellum period. Clay stood against the annexation of Texas, Mexican-American war and Manifest Destiny, claiming they would lead to Slavery becoming a more heated issue. Clay ran for president many times but was never elected.
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Manifest Destiny
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Manifest Destiny was the highly influential idea that the USA was predestined by God to own the land from the East Coast to the West Coast. This idea led to many conflicts and several wars (the Mexican-American war and wars with various Native American tribes who refused to leave their land). It dominated politics during the 1840s.
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Mexican American War
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The United States attempted to buy the region of California from Mexico. Mexico refused to sell. The US government agitated the Mexicans until they started a war. The Americans dominated in the war and won the territories from Texas to California. The effort was led by president James K Polk.
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Republican Motherhood
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Part of the idea of a "Woman's sphere" Republican Motherhood stated that women should pass on the ideals of Republicanism to the next generation. This led to female support of abolition and other human rights causes which eventually led to women's rights movements.
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Seneca Falls
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An extremely influential women's rights convention held in 1848. It is seen as one of many major events in the history of women's rights but also one of the most important. Within three years women were seeking the right to vote. The convention was led by Elizabeth Caddy Stanton and Lucretia Mott.
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Great Western Frontiers (3)
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During this period of American history the great western frontiers included Texas, California and Oregon. The western area added to the United States is land of highly varied landscape, everything from deserts to forests to mountains. With the beliefs of Manifest Destiny used to influence politicians and American citizens the US pushed from the Louisiana territory all the way to California, often making sacrifices along the way. Territories added turend out to be among the most important in the country.
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Individual Documents!!!
Declaration of Sentiments
Link: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/senecafalls.asp
This document was written at the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention-- which was a major landmark in women's rights.
Along with declaring women's sentiments or the document being modeled after the declaration of independence, this document brought up the idea that "all Men and Women are created equal". It demanded equality in not only the workforce or home, but in the ballot box(the right to vote). This document and the convention had launched the women's rights movement.
Fatima O.
The Effects of Temperance, 1839
Link: http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/ext/am_hist/ap/chapter11/11.4.drunkfather.html
The document is a political cartoon showing a drunken man throwing things around with his scared family in the room.
This document illustrates the fear and frustration people felt when around drunks (a very common thing back then). The women and children of families suffered because the men worked all day, making themselves exhausted and frustrated leading them to drink. This way men came home drunk and many weren't pleasant drunks. To counter this problem the temperance movement was created. This eventually led to alcohol being banned temporarily in several states.
Anthony S. ~~~~~
Andrew Jackson, "Veto of Maysville Road Bill" (1830)
Link: http://pinzler.com/ushistory/vetoofmaysupp.html
Summarize: This source is a statement from Presidetnt Jackson of his reasoning for veoting the Maysville Road Bill, which was to build a sixty mile road by Maysville, Kentucky to connect Lexington and the Ohio River. He also incorporates the taxtion of states and is refering to the goverment and states relationship. He states that he had looked over the bill and concludes that it is unconstitutional for federal government to fund interstate projects. Also, he reasons for vetoing the bill that there were principles for the federal governement not to get invovled with states ecomonic problems. He also included that funding such projects could interfere with national debt and this is why he chose to veto it.
Significance: The siginificance of this document is to reveal the decisions Jackson made as president and what he stood by and what he did not. Also his right to veto and defend himself, while reflecting on the Democratic Party. Also, that he was trying to stick by his principles and not get involved with the states interal problems when they themselves wanted to be independent. Lastly, it showed he stood by the issue with trying to help national debt and not make it worse.
Andrea McDermott
Transcript of President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830)
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=25&page=transcript
Summary: Andrew Jackson tells Congress that two tribes have complied already with the Indian Removal Act and that will encourage other tribes to cooperate. He downplays the natives suffering by saying that the removal act will eventually help the natives by keeping their race alive, so its a win-win situation; the Americans can move west and the natives will continue to survive. Unfortunately, it did not really work out that way.
Significance: The Indian Removal Act was significant because it uprooted thousands of Native Americans and caused thousands to die as well. Jackson's attitude towards them also shows how many Americans justified pushing the natives out of their land. If they could convince themselves that they were actually helping the indians, they wouldnt have to feel the guilt that normally comes with mass genocide.
Sydney Wilberton
Link: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/senecafalls.asp
This document was written at the 1848 Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention-- which was a major landmark in women's rights.
Along with declaring women's sentiments or the document being modeled after the declaration of independence, this document brought up the idea that "all Men and Women are created equal". It demanded equality in not only the workforce or home, but in the ballot box(the right to vote). This document and the convention had launched the women's rights movement.
Fatima O.
The Effects of Temperance, 1839
Link: http://www.wadsworth.com/history_d/special_features/ext/am_hist/ap/chapter11/11.4.drunkfather.html
The document is a political cartoon showing a drunken man throwing things around with his scared family in the room.
This document illustrates the fear and frustration people felt when around drunks (a very common thing back then). The women and children of families suffered because the men worked all day, making themselves exhausted and frustrated leading them to drink. This way men came home drunk and many weren't pleasant drunks. To counter this problem the temperance movement was created. This eventually led to alcohol being banned temporarily in several states.
Anthony S. ~~~~~
Andrew Jackson, "Veto of Maysville Road Bill" (1830)
Link: http://pinzler.com/ushistory/vetoofmaysupp.html
Summarize: This source is a statement from Presidetnt Jackson of his reasoning for veoting the Maysville Road Bill, which was to build a sixty mile road by Maysville, Kentucky to connect Lexington and the Ohio River. He also incorporates the taxtion of states and is refering to the goverment and states relationship. He states that he had looked over the bill and concludes that it is unconstitutional for federal government to fund interstate projects. Also, he reasons for vetoing the bill that there were principles for the federal governement not to get invovled with states ecomonic problems. He also included that funding such projects could interfere with national debt and this is why he chose to veto it.
Significance: The siginificance of this document is to reveal the decisions Jackson made as president and what he stood by and what he did not. Also his right to veto and defend himself, while reflecting on the Democratic Party. Also, that he was trying to stick by his principles and not get involved with the states interal problems when they themselves wanted to be independent. Lastly, it showed he stood by the issue with trying to help national debt and not make it worse.
Andrea McDermott
Transcript of President Andrew Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830)
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=25&page=transcript
Summary: Andrew Jackson tells Congress that two tribes have complied already with the Indian Removal Act and that will encourage other tribes to cooperate. He downplays the natives suffering by saying that the removal act will eventually help the natives by keeping their race alive, so its a win-win situation; the Americans can move west and the natives will continue to survive. Unfortunately, it did not really work out that way.
Significance: The Indian Removal Act was significant because it uprooted thousands of Native Americans and caused thousands to die as well. Jackson's attitude towards them also shows how many Americans justified pushing the natives out of their land. If they could convince themselves that they were actually helping the indians, they wouldnt have to feel the guilt that normally comes with mass genocide.
Sydney Wilberton
Timeline
4 WorldsCultural:
·Indian Removal Act was put in place to "preserve" Native American culture. ·An agreement with the Mexican government, lead to a mass migration of Americans onto texas-- they brought with them slavery, religion, and American values/culture. ·"Kentucky bluegrass" thrives in south · Nationalism leads to appreciation of the American Wilderness ·Trans-Allegheny area becomes nation's breadbasket(Western Farmers start to make revolutions in field work and farming technology) ·Pony Express and the telegraph wire ·Deism rises ·Unitarian faith begins in New England ·"Burn-Over District" ·Millerites ·Religions split due to slavery ·Mormons ·Wilderness Utopias sprout(New Harmony[1825], Brook Farm[1841], Oneida Community, Shakers) ·Early Americans more interested in practical science than pure science. ·Writers are concerned with basic science · Medicine in U.S. is primitive ·South repels all European immigrants ·Poorest whites in the South were referred to as "hillbillies" or "poor white trash" or "clay eaters" ·Slave Actions were brutal and ended in the separation of families ·Slaves mixed Christianity to their native religion(negro spirituals) ·American Colonization Society was founded to transport blacks back to Africa(most slaves were American-born and preferred to stay on American soil) ·The Oregon trail: Americans migrate to Oregon ·Manifest Destiny |
Social:
·"Tariff of Abominations" angered southerners. ·Jackson hates the BUS-- he thinks that it was a tool to make the rich richer. ·At this time, aristocracy is starting to be scorned. ·White manhood suffrage (equality among all white males) ·"Black Forties"-- surge of Irish/German immigrants ·Nativist movement/mindset against the Irish and German immigrants ·"Wage slaves" come into effect-- factory owners make money, not the workers. ·Child Labor was heavy ·Women worked in factories under poor conditions ·Social mobility exists(rags-to-riches stories were rare) ·The standard of living rises, but wages didn't which helped to diffuse any potential class conflicts. ·slaves had no change at the "american dream" ·Mormons harassed for polygamy, militia, and voting ·Public schools supported to create a new generation of voters ·Women were thought to be corrupted by education, slaves weren't allowed to get an education either ·Temperance movement lead mostly by women · American Temperance Society created in 1826 · Transcendentalist movement ·Southern aristocrats widened the gap between the rich and the poor. ·They also hampered public-funded education by sending their children to private schools. ·Mistresses of the house rules over mostly female slaves · Slave less Whites defend slavery in hopes of obtaining slaves one day · Free slaves had little to no rights at all · South hated the race, but liked the individual ·North hated the individual, but liked the race ·Peculiar Institution: Supported slavery by highlighting slave masters "civilizing" their slaves while freed blacks in the north were harassed and hated. ·Abolitionist speeches provoke violence-they grew in numbers still ·Bitter Mexicans, resentful of the land that was taken from them, land that halved their country’s size while doubling America’s after America takes Texas. |
Economical
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Political:
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